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  ~2 min read

Range

Notes from reading the book

  • Don’t provide rewards for short repetitive short-term success with a narrow range of solutions
  • Sometimes people are not even aware of different fields. That leads to sub optimal solutions or worse, no solutions at all
  • Self directed non-repetitive problem statements correlate with cognitive flexibility
  • We must be taught to think before being taught what to think about
  • Breadth of training predicts breadth of transfer
    • The more contexts in which something is learned, the more the learner creates abstract models, and the less they rely on any particular example.
    • Learners become better at applying their knowledge to a situation they have never seen before, which is the essence of creativity
  • For learning that is both durable and flexible, fast and easy is precisely the problem [[pages/Book notes/Thinking, Fast and Slow]]
    • For knowledge to be flexible, it should be learned in varied conditions, an approach called varied or mixed practice, or “interleaving”
    • The feeling of learning is based on “before your eyes” progress while deep learning does not give that kind of progress.
  • Training with hints does not produce lasting learning
  • Thinking outside the box: Most problem solvers stay inside the domain of the problem and focus on internal details when they are not able to solve it.They turn down analogies from distant domains.
    • The more repeatedly the internal details are shown to an individual, the more extreme their judgement becomes
  • When you have less experience, try avenues that are high risk, high informational value
  • Career goals the once felt safe and certain can appear ludicrous when examined in the light of more self knowledge. Our life and work preferences do not stay the same because we don stay the same.
  • At a given point in life, an individual’s nature influences how they respond to a particular situation, but their nature can appear surprisingly different in some other situations
  • We maximize match quality throughout the life by sampling activities, social groups, contexts, jobs, careers, and then reflecting and adjusting our personal narratives.
  • When working on very well-defined and well-understood problem statement, specialists work very well. For ambiguous and uncertain problems, breadth becomes important.
  • Hedgehogs vs Foxes
    • Beneath complexity, hedgehogs tend to see simple, deterministic rules of cause and effect framed by their area of expertise.
    • Foxes see complexity in what others mistake for simple cause and effect. They understand that most cause and effect relationships are probabilistic, not deterministic
  • Train to be better at thinking and reasoning